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Olivine (Fayalite and Forsterite),Olive Sand |
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Olivine (fayalite and forsterite),Olive Sand
Olivine is actually a name for a series between two end members, fayalite and forsterite. Fayalite is the iron rich member with a pure formula of Fe2SiO4. Forsterite is the magnesium rich member with a pure formula of Mg2SiO4. The two minerals form a series where the iron and magnesium are substituted for each other without much effect on the crystal structure. Fayalite due to its iron content has a higher index of refraction, is heavier and has a darker color than forsterite. Otherwise they are difficult to distinguish and virtually all specimens of the two minerals contain both iron and magnesium. For simplicity sake and general public recognition, they are often treated as one mineral, olivine. Olivine, however is not officially recognized as a mineral.
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS:
Color is a light near emerald green to the more common pale yellowish green; also found colorless, greenish brown to black.
Luster is vitreous.
Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent.
Crystal System is orthorhombic; 2/m 2/m 2/m.
Crystal Habits include flatten tabular to box shaped crystals, but good crystals are rare. More commonly found as grains in alluvial gravels and as granular xenoliths in magnesium rich volcanic rock. Also massive. Twinning is rare, but has produced star shaped trillings.
Cleavage is poor in two directions at 90 degrees, is more distinct in fayalite.
Fracture is conchoidal.
Hardness is 6.5 - 7.
Specific Gravity is approximately 3.2 for forsterite - 4.3 for fayalite (above average for non-metallic minerals).
Streak is white.
Other Characteristics: Index of refraction is 1.64 - 1.70 and has double refraction.
Associated Minerals are diopside, spinel, plagioclase feldspars, chromite, hornblende, serpentine, iron-nickel meteorites and augite.
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LI LIN (Mr.)
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